Proyectos

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]La formación de los profesores de educación especial ha transitado desde un modelo clínico, centrado en el déficit, hacia un modelo socioeducativo que se centra en la inclusión del estudiante, atendiendo sus necesidades y reconociendo sus derechos (Tenorio et al., en prensa), lo que les permite atender a la diversidad más allá del déficit. No obstante, dicha mirada no siempre se refleja en la enseñanza de las matemáticas. Por ejemplo, estudios recientes revelan que los profesores de educación especial tienden a priorizar una enseñanza funcional de las matemáticas —como el manejo del dinero o actividades prácticas— con el fin de fomentar la autonomía y la inclusión laboral de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual (San Martin et al., 2025). Si bien este enfoque puede ser valioso, centrar la enseñanza únicamente en lo funcional limita el acceso al desarrollo del pensamiento matemático, considerado un objetivo central del currículo escolar (e.g., Schoenfeld, 2022), y puede traducirse en una forma de exclusión que ha sido calificada como deshumanizante (Tan et al., 2020). Esto se debe a que, bajo el argumento de unas matemáticas funcionales, se recorta el currículo a estudiantes que presentan discapacidad o alguna barrera para el aprendizaje (Greenstein & Baglieri, 2018). Esta tendencia se ve reforzada por el predominio de la instrucción directa en la educación especial, que reduce las matemáticas a una secuencia de procedimientos por repetir (e.g., Gersten et al., 2009; Montague & Jitendra, 2012; Schnepel & Aunio, 2021), privando a los estudiantes de oportunidades para ejercer su capacidad de pensar y participar activamente en la construcción de significado (Lambert, 2018; Tan et al., 2020). En este contexto, este proyecto apunta a dos factores que podrían apoyar la superación de esta problemática: (a) el conocimiento matemático para la enseñanza de profesores de educación especial y (b) el uso de este conocimiento en tareas situadas, como atender al pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes. Para abordar este propósito, nos apoyamos en el conocimiento profesional para enseñar matemáticas, entendido en este trabajo a partir de tres constructos teóricos: (a) el conocimiento para la enseñanza de las matemáticas, desde dos perspectivas diferentes y complementarias —el Political Conocimiento for Teaching Mathematics (PCTM; Gutiérrez, 2012, 2017) y el Mathematics Teacher Specialised Knowledge (MTSK; Carrillo et al., 2018)—, y (b) el noticing multidimensional para la equidad (van Es & Sherin, 2021, 2022). La racionalidad de esta decisión radica en que los diversos modelos sobre el conocimiento del profesorado han evidenciado la complejidad de la relación entre el conocimiento matemático y su despliegue en las distintas prácticas que configuran la enseñanza de esta disciplina (Llinares, 2019). En este sentido, la investigación en torno al conocimiento del profesor de matemáticas se ha desarrollado principalmente desde dos enfoques (Depaepe et al., 2013; Kaiser et al., 2017): por un lado, una perspectiva cognitiva, que ha dado lugar a marcos teóricos que distinguen analíticamente distintas facetas del conocimiento; y, por otro, una perspectiva situada, que concibe el conocimiento docente como dinámico, emergente de la práctica y movilizado a través de la reflexión y la interacción en el aula. En este proyecto optamos por integrar ambas perspectivas, ya que, por una parte, están respaldadas teórica y empíricamente (Cenigz et al., 2011; Thomas et al., 2017) y, por otra, su articulación permite avanzar hacia una comprensión más holística del conocimiento profesional del profesorado que enseña matemáticas (Kaiser et al., 2014; Santagata & Yeh, 2016; Stahnke et al., 2016). Desde este marco, nos planteamos dos preguntas de investigación: ¿cómo se desarrolla el PCTM y el MTSK de los profesores de educación especial?, y ¿cómo se desarrolla el noticing multidimensional para la equidad en estos profesores? Estas preguntas se concretizan en el siguiente objetivo general: caracterizar el proceso de desarrollo del conocimiento profesional para enseñar matemáticas del profesorado de educación especial durante un curso de formación continua. Para el logro de este objetivo se ha diseñado una investigación basada en el diseño (Cobb et al., 2016; Molina et al., 2011). De manera general, este diseño contempla un primer año destinado a la revisión de la literatura, el diseño general del curso y de las entrevistas, la formación del facilitador y una primera recogida de datos mediante entrevistas. La implementación del curso de desarrollo profesional se realizará principalmente durante el segundo y tercer año. En el segundo año, el foco estará puesto en el desarrollo del PCTM y el MTSK mediante dos sesiones mensuales durante diez meses. Al finalizar este periodo, se repetirán las entrevistas personales con los participantes, ahora centradas en el desarrollo del PCTM y el MTSK. Durante el tercer año, el proyecto contempla la implementación de un club de video que seguirá el formato propuesto por van Es y Sherin (2008). Concretamente, se realizarán diez reuniones mensuales en las que se reflexionará en torno al marco del noticing multidimensional para la equidad (van Es & Sherin, 2022). Finalmente, durante el cuarto año, se realizará una tercera recogida de datos mediante entrevistas orientadas a indagar tanto el desarrollo del noticing como el uso de los modelos PCTM y MTSK. Estas entrevistas permitirán dar cuenta del proceso completo y serán analizadas en contraste con las dos recogidas previas. En este curso de desarrollo profesional participarán profesores de educación especial que se desempeñen actualmente en cursos de 1.º a 6.º básico, provenientes de cuatro contextos escolares en los que se despliega la educación especial: (a) escuelas para estudiantes sordos, (b) escuelas para estudiantes ciegos, (c) escuelas para estudiantes con TEA y (d) escuelas regulares con Programa de Integración Escolar (PIE). Los resultados esperables de este proyecto permitirán identificar áreas de conocimiento crítico que los profesores de educación especial necesitan para desempeñar con éxito la docencia en matemáticas. En este sentido, los hallazgos podrán orientar ajustes o propuestas para los programas de formación inicial docente, focalizando en aquellos aspectos que, tanto la literatura como los propios profesores en servicio, consideran necesarios para su desempeño profesional.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]In this project, police empowerment is preliminarily defined as the process by which police forces are granted powers or see their existing powers expanded through legal mandates (e.g., laws that grant police forces with more attributions or discretion), institutional and administrative capacities (e.g., budget increase), and social perceptions (e.g., citizens’ and authorities’ perceptions and support for police empowerment, as well as police officers’ self-empowerment). Existing research has largely focused on isolated dimensions of this process—either legal, institutional, or perceptual—but has not addressed how these interact or differ in their consequences. This project addresses this gap by (a) proposing a multidimensional, contextually grounded, conceptual and operational definition of police empowerment and analyzing how its different components—moderated by accountability—affect public security and order, and the potential for police abuse. To achieve these goals, we adopt a multi-method design composed of six interrelated studies. These include expert interviews (Study 1), a longitudinal panel survey with citizens (EPSEP, Study 2), secondary data analysis (legal, institutional/administrative and authorities’ discourse analysis, Study 3), interviews with police officers (Study 4), a quasi-experimental study of the effect of key moments of empowerment (e.g., the enactment of a new law increasing police power, Study 5) on the aforementioned consequences, and an experimental study with police personnel (Study 6). Study 2 will also enable longitudinal, quasi- experimental (via a rolling cross-sectional design), and experimental analyses of the effects of police empowerment among citizens.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]In this project, police empowerment is preliminarily defined as the process by which police forces are granted powers or see their existing powers expanded through legal mandates (e.g., laws that grant police forces with more attributions or discretion), institutional and administrative capacities (e.g., budget increase), and social perceptions (e.g., citizens’ and authorities’ perceptions and support for police empowerment, as well as police officers’ self-empowerment). Existing research has largely focused on isolated dimensions of this process—either legal, institutional, or perceptual—but has not addressed how these interact or differ in their consequences. This project addresses this gap by (a) proposing a multidimensional, contextually grounded, conceptual and operational definition of police empowerment and analyzing how its different components—moderated by accountability—affect public security and order, and the potential for police abuse. To achieve these goals, we adopt a multi-method design composed of six interrelated studies. These include expert interviews (Study 1), a longitudinal panel survey with citizens (EPSEP, Study 2), secondary data analysis (legal, institutional/administrative and authorities’ discourse analysis, Study 3), interviews with police officers (Study 4), a quasi-experimental study of the effect of key moments of empowerment (e.g., the enactment of a new law increasing police power, Study 5) on the aforementioned consequences, and an experimental study with police personnel (Study 6). Study 2 will also enable longitudinal, quasi- experimental (via a rolling cross-sectional design), and experimental analyses of the effects of police empowerment among citizens.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Implementación de una ruta de turismo arqueológica y paleontológica que abarque tres comunas: San Vicente de Tagua Tagua, Navidad y San Fernando.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Implementación de una ruta de turismo arqueológica y paleontológica que abarque tres comunas: San Vicente de Tagua Tagua, Navidad y San Fernando.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]We investigate how rain-mediated mechanical processes influence the spread of pathogens under field conditions. While it is well established that water is a primary vector for bacterial movement between plants, few studies have examined the detailed hydrodynamic mechanisms involved, particularly in the context of leaf morphology, surface roughness, and microbial adhesion. This gap restricts our ability to develop predictive models and preventive strategies for managing rain-borne plant diseases. The project's general objective is to elucidate the coupling between raindrop impact dynamics and bacterial dispersal patterns on cherry leaves under realistic rainfall conditions. Specifically, it aims to (i) characterize the mechanical interaction between raindrops and cherry leaves using high-speed imaging and physical analysis to observe the dispersal patterns of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). (ii) evaluate the spatial dispersal of Pss inoculated artificially onto cherry leaves at different concentrations under controlled temperature and rainfall conditions, and (iii) develop an integrative predictive model based on physical variables of rain-leaf interaction and experimentally measured environmental conditions to estimate the dispersal and severity of Pss attack. Methodologically, our study combines high-speed photography, controlled laboratory rain simulations, and microbiological assays. We will perform experiments in a custom-designed rainfall simulator allowing precise control of droplet size, velocity, and impact angle. Bacterial suspensions of Pseudomonas syringae—a pathogen commonly associated with cherry canker—will be applied to leaves under standardized conditions. The dynamics of droplet impact, splash formation, and secondary droplet ejection will be recorded at high temporal resolution to quantify mechanical energy transfer and spatial distribution of splashed particles. Parallel microbiological analyses will determine bacterial survival rates, concentration profiles, and the extent of leaf-to-leaf contamination. We will integrate these results into a predictive model linking rainfall characteristics to potential bacterial dispersal distances and infection probabilities. We aim to enhance our understanding of the biophysical coupling between rainfall and pathogen mobility, establish a set of empirical relationships for disease spread modeling, and provide practical recommendations for orchard management under varying climatic scenarios. By bridging the gap between plant pathology and fluid mechanics, this project will provide a mechanistic foundation for reducing rain-mediated bacterial diseases in high-value fruit crops, contributing to the sustainability and resilience of O'Higgins agriculture.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]We investigate how rain-mediated mechanical processes influence the spread of pathogens under field conditions. While it is well established that water is a primary vector for bacterial movement between plants, few studies have examined the detailed hydrodynamic mechanisms involved, particularly in the context of leaf morphology, surface roughness, and microbial adhesion. This gap restricts our ability to develop predictive models and preventive strategies for managing rain-borne plant diseases. The project's general objective is to elucidate the coupling between raindrop impact dynamics and bacterial dispersal patterns on cherry leaves under realistic rainfall conditions. Specifically, it aims to (i) characterize the mechanical interaction between raindrops and cherry leaves using high-speed imaging and physical analysis to observe the dispersal patterns of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). (ii) evaluate the spatial dispersal of Pss inoculated artificially onto cherry leaves at different concentrations under controlled temperature and rainfall conditions, and (iii) develop an integrative predictive model based on physical variables of rain-leaf interaction and experimentally measured environmental conditions to estimate the dispersal and severity of Pss attack. Methodologically, our study combines high-speed photography, controlled laboratory rain simulations, and microbiological assays. We will perform experiments in a custom-designed rainfall simulator allowing precise control of droplet size, velocity, and impact angle. Bacterial suspensions of Pseudomonas syringae—a pathogen commonly associated with cherry canker—will be applied to leaves under standardized conditions. The dynamics of droplet impact, splash formation, and secondary droplet ejection will be recorded at high temporal resolution to quantify mechanical energy transfer and spatial distribution of splashed particles. Parallel microbiological analyses will determine bacterial survival rates, concentration profiles, and the extent of leaf-to-leaf contamination. We will integrate these results into a predictive model linking rainfall characteristics to potential bacterial dispersal distances and infection probabilities. We aim to enhance our understanding of the biophysical coupling between rainfall and pathogen mobility, establish a set of empirical relationships for disease spread modeling, and provide practical recommendations for orchard management under varying climatic scenarios. By bridging the gap between plant pathology and fluid mechanics, this project will provide a mechanistic foundation for reducing rain-mediated bacterial diseases in high-value fruit crops, contributing to the sustainability and resilience of O'Higgins agriculture.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]We investigate how rain-mediated mechanical processes influence the spread of pathogens under field conditions. While it is well established that water is a primary vector for bacterial movement between plants, few studies have examined the detailed hydrodynamic mechanisms involved, particularly in the context of leaf morphology, surface roughness, and microbial adhesion. This gap restricts our ability to develop predictive models and preventive strategies for managing rain-borne plant diseases. The project's general objective is to elucidate the coupling between raindrop impact dynamics and bacterial dispersal patterns on cherry leaves under realistic rainfall conditions. Specifically, it aims to (i) characterize the mechanical interaction between raindrops and cherry leaves using high-speed imaging and physical analysis to observe the dispersal patterns of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). (ii) evaluate the spatial dispersal of Pss inoculated artificially onto cherry leaves at different concentrations under controlled temperature and rainfall conditions, and (iii) develop an integrative predictive model based on physical variables of rain-leaf interaction and experimentally measured environmental conditions to estimate the dispersal and severity of Pss attack. Methodologically, our study combines high-speed photography, controlled laboratory rain simulations, and microbiological assays. We will perform experiments in a custom-designed rainfall simulator allowing precise control of droplet size, velocity, and impact angle. Bacterial suspensions of Pseudomonas syringae—a pathogen commonly associated with cherry canker—will be applied to leaves under standardized conditions. The dynamics of droplet impact, splash formation, and secondary droplet ejection will be recorded at high temporal resolution to quantify mechanical energy transfer and spatial distribution of splashed particles. Parallel microbiological analyses will determine bacterial survival rates, concentration profiles, and the extent of leaf-to-leaf contamination. We will integrate these results into a predictive model linking rainfall characteristics to potential bacterial dispersal distances and infection probabilities. We aim to enhance our understanding of the biophysical coupling between rainfall and pathogen mobility, establish a set of empirical relationships for disease spread modeling, and provide practical recommendations for orchard management under varying climatic scenarios. By bridging the gap between plant pathology and fluid mechanics, this project will provide a mechanistic foundation for reducing rain-mediated bacterial diseases in high-value fruit crops, contributing to the sustainability and resilience of O'Higgins agriculture.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]We investigate how rain-mediated mechanical processes influence the spread of pathogens under field conditions. While it is well established that water is a primary vector for bacterial movement between plants, few studies have examined the detailed hydrodynamic mechanisms involved, particularly in the context of leaf morphology, surface roughness, and microbial adhesion. This gap restricts our ability to develop predictive models and preventive strategies for managing rain-borne plant diseases. The project's general objective is to elucidate the coupling between raindrop impact dynamics and bacterial dispersal patterns on cherry leaves under realistic rainfall conditions. Specifically, it aims to (i) characterize the mechanical interaction between raindrops and cherry leaves using high-speed imaging and physical analysis to observe the dispersal patterns of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). (ii) evaluate the spatial dispersal of Pss inoculated artificially onto cherry leaves at different concentrations under controlled temperature and rainfall conditions, and (iii) develop an integrative predictive model based on physical variables of rain-leaf interaction and experimentally measured environmental conditions to estimate the dispersal and severity of Pss attack. Methodologically, our study combines high-speed photography, controlled laboratory rain simulations, and microbiological assays. We will perform experiments in a custom-designed rainfall simulator allowing precise control of droplet size, velocity, and impact angle. Bacterial suspensions of Pseudomonas syringae—a pathogen commonly associated with cherry canker—will be applied to leaves under standardized conditions. The dynamics of droplet impact, splash formation, and secondary droplet ejection will be recorded at high temporal resolution to quantify mechanical energy transfer and spatial distribution of splashed particles. Parallel microbiological analyses will determine bacterial survival rates, concentration profiles, and the extent of leaf-to-leaf contamination. We will integrate these results into a predictive model linking rainfall characteristics to potential bacterial dispersal distances and infection probabilities. We aim to enhance our understanding of the biophysical coupling between rainfall and pathogen mobility, establish a set of empirical relationships for disease spread modeling, and provide practical recommendations for orchard management under varying climatic scenarios. By bridging the gap between plant pathology and fluid mechanics, this project will provide a mechanistic foundation for reducing rain-mediated bacterial diseases in high-value fruit crops, contributing to the sustainability and resilience of O'Higgins agriculture.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""].[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]