Climate projections anticipate an increase in frequent droughts, episodes of extreme fire behavior, in addition to heat waves and unstable atmospheric conditions, all phenomena related to climate change. Drought intensification has been projected to increase in frequency in several regions across the globe, including the southwestern part of South America, the European Mediterranean Basin, Northern Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, Australia, and the USA. Particularly, the former three areas have been recognized as locations highly likely to face unprecedented droughts during the 21st century, and within Southwestern South America, Chile has been alarmingly pointed out as the country earlier in this era experiencing this phenomenon, regardless of the greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Catastrophic effects such as extreme droughts and changes in fire behavior are important drivers of ecosystem degradation in arid, semiarid, dry temperate and Mediterranean ecosystems. Mediterranean ecosystems of central Chile have been indicated as the earliest in its type experiencing effects of climate change; where an accelerated aridification is already registered; therefore, representing a scenario to anticipate the effects of climate anomalies at other ecosystems of its type. Persistent droughts and land burning can compromise belowground conditions that are essential to support aboveground life in terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, despite their importance for ecosystem functioning and recovery after environmental disturbances, there still a considerable lack of comprehension on how belowground attributes respond to combined stressors such as droughts and fires. This is of particular concern in conditions where post-fire plant and soil recovery have been shown to be inhibited or retarded due to severe droughts. Therefore, this project aims to evaluate individual and combined effects of drought and fires over time in soil microbial communities and carbon and nitrogen functional dynamics along with the relationship of these attributes and the state of sclerophyll vegetation in Mediterranean forests of central Chile. To accomplish this goal a multiscale approach will be applied in this research by integrating scientific disciplines from landcape ecology to molecular biology. By using remote sensing study site will be selected within an area known to be affected by an extended drought period (since 2010), in addition to hyper-dry years (2019 and 2021), which in addition has experienced the occurrence of historical wildfires as the case of 2017. From this initial screening 18 study conditions resulting from three climate anomaly categories identified (high, medium, low) according to differences in precipitation with respect to historical average, three categories for forest response to drought (recovered, unaffected and unrecovered) based on analysis of Normalized Burn Index (NBR = [NIR - SWIR] / [NIR + SWIR]) and two burned conditions (with and without) will be obtained for soil and vegetation assessments. Classical soil physicochemical analyses and NG-sequencing techniques including high-throughput amplicon sequencing (metabarcoding), whole genome sequencing (metagenomics), and gene expression (metatransciptomics), in addition to soil physiological analyses will be performed. Moreover, vegetation recovery following drought and fire will be evaluated. Results from this study will allow to better understand the individual versus the combined effects of drought and fires in soil microbial community structure and carbon and nitrogen functionality, which are expected to be exacerbated with the combined occurrence of these phenomena, giving insights on the resilience capacity of soil microbiomes and carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles. From this work, results will also allow to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the linkages between soil functionality and vegetation responses to drought and fires over time, which will allow to identify ecological drivers related to ecosystem stability.

Nesta pesquisa se propoe a produção de silagens de forrageiras anuais com uso de fertirrigação com Si e uso de microrganismos no solo, para aumenta a produção de grãos e silagens para ruminantes no período de estressafra (seca).

The state of Rio de Janeiro presents very varied relief forms, with marked topographic contrasts, with expressive spatial and temporal climatic variability. Besides these factors, the history of colonization and differentiated policies have contributed for the agricultural production in Rio de Janeiro to present distinct regional dynamics, with differentiation in land occupation and use and diversification of economic activities, which, as a function of the different levels of soil fragility, have generated different degrees of degradation. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and stoichiometry play important roles in biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystems, yet it is still unclear how the allocations of C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry of soils and its coexisting vegetation, including leaf litter, are related. Thus, the general objective of the project is to determine whether there are significant differences and influence of C:N:P stoichiometry ratios of the soil and coexisting vegetation including litter in each study area and examine how and to what extent soil and soil management conditions it influence the physical and soil chemistry in two contrasting physiographic regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Two regions of the State were selected to be studied, namely: Norte Fluminense and Costa Verde regions. These regions present different degrees of soil degradation due to different forms of use and occupation, soils and climate. The current scenario in some regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro shows that natural vulnerability and inadequate soil management can compromise the sustainability of the soil in the medium and long term. This proposal is associated with the thematic project entitled “Soil quality indicators in areas with different histories of use and occupation in the State of Rio de Janeiro” funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) by through the Support Program for Thematic Projects in the State of Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ Notice No. 28/2021. In this context, it is essential to develop research that can serve as a guide for the adoption of conservationist soil management, essential for the sustainability of agricultural production. Furthermore, the results of studies developed with the collaboration of farmers in the field encourage them to adopt new habits in agricultural activities

Síntesis de espinela MFe2O4 (M = Mg, Mn, Cu) mediante dos métodos de preparación. Posteriormente estos materiales serán unidos a biocarbones obtenidos desde cáscaras de avena, y se evaluarán en la degradación de contaminantes emergentes seleccionados.

Climate projections anticipate an increase in frequent droughts, episodes of extreme fire behavior, in addition to heat waves and unstable atmospheric conditions, all phenomena related to climate change. Drought intensification has been projected to increase in frequency in several regions across the globe, including the southwestern part of South America, the European Mediterranean Basin, Northern Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, Australia, and the USA. Particularly, the former three areas have been recognized as locations highly likely to face unprecedented droughts during the 21st century, and within Southwestern South America, Chile has been alarmingly pointed out as the country earlier in this era experiencing this phenomenon, regardless of the greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Catastrophic effects such as extreme droughts and changes in fire behavior are important drivers of ecosystem degradation in arid, semiarid, dry temperate and Mediterranean ecosystems. Mediterranean ecosystems of central Chile have been indicated as the earliest in its type experiencing effects of climate change; where an accelerated aridification is already registered; therefore, representing a scenario to anticipate the effects of climate anomalies at other ecosystems of its type. Persistent droughts and land burning can compromise belowground conditions that are essential to support aboveground life in terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, despite their importance for ecosystem functioning and recovery after environmental disturbances, there still a considerable lack of comprehension on how belowground attributes respond to combined stressors such as droughts and fires. This is of particular concern in conditions where post-fire plant and soil recovery have been shown to be inhibited or retarded due to severe droughts. Therefore, this project aims to evaluate individual and combined effects of drought and fires over time in soil microbial communities and carbon and nitrogen functional dynamics along with the relationship of these attributes and the state of sclerophyll vegetation in Mediterranean forests of central Chile. To accomplish this goal a multiscale approach will be applied in this research by integrating scientific disciplines from landcape ecology to molecular biology. By using remote sensing study site will be selected within an area known to be affected by an extended drought period (since 2010), in addition to hyper-dry years (2019 and 2021), which in addition has experienced the occurrence of historical wildfires as the case of 2017. From this initial screening 18 study conditions resulting from three climate anomaly categories identified (high, medium, low) according to differences in precipitation with respect to historical average, three categories for forest response to drought (recovered, unaffected and unrecovered) based on analysis of Normalized Burn Index (NBR = [NIR - SWIR] / [NIR + SWIR]) and two burned conditions (with and without) will be obtained for soil and vegetation assessments. Classical soil physicochemical analyses and NG-sequencing techniques including high-throughput amplicon sequencing (metabarcoding), whole genome sequencing (metagenomics), and gene expression (metatransciptomics), in addition to soil physiological analyses will be performed. Moreover, vegetation recovery following drought and fire will be evaluated. Results from this study will allow to better understand the individual versus the combined effects of drought and fires in soil microbial community structure and carbon and nitrogen functionality, which are expected to be exacerbated with the combined occurrence of these phenomena, giving insights on the resilience capacity of soil microbiomes and carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles. From this work, results will also allow to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the linkages between soil functionality and vegetation responses to drought and fires over time, which will allow to identify ecological drivers related to ecosystem stability.

Este proyecto investiga el impacto de la co-contaminación por antibióticos veterinarios y metales/iones inorgánicos en suelos, un problema emergente asociado a prácticas agrícolas intensivas como la aplicación de estiércol, fertilización intensiva y riego con aguas residuales. La investigación se centra en comprender cómo la formación de complejos antibiótico-metal/ión influye en procesos clave como la adsorción, degradación, transporte en el suelo y absorción por plantas, así como en la actividad y estructura de las comunidades microbianas. Para ello, se evaluarán distintos tipos de suelos relevantes en sistemas agropecuarios intensivos en Chile, integrando modelación de transporte de solutos, estudios de especiación química, experimentos en columnas de suelo y análisis de absorción vegetal. Los resultados permitirán mejorar la comprensión del destino ambiental de estas mezclas complejas de contaminantes y aportar bases científicas para el desarrollo de estrategias de manejo, mitigación y remediación de suelos afectados.