Proyectos

El objetivo es diseñar e implementar una estrategia transdisciplinaria de vinculación entre los apicultores de la región y la Universidad de O´Higgins, que permita construir una “Hoja de Ruta” para resolver las brechas existentes en el sector y definir las líneas de investigación aplicada a desarrollarse. Esto permitirá mejorar la asociatividad de los apicultores, mejorar la salud de las colmenas, los servicios de polinización y por ende la productividad apícola regional.

Liofilizador Labconco FreeZone 12L, adquirido con el proyecto de Fondequip Regional EQUR190001.

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Goal: This grant aims to describe the role of epigenetics programming in the progression of BBB injury in growth-restricted neonates. Furthermore, we will identify the molecules and mechanisms of junctional complexes and adhesion molecules of the BBB that are affected by gestational hypoxia. The original contribution of this project is to trace the time course of origins and outcomes of the BBB permeability and integrity impairment related to epigenetic mechanisms, due to gestational chronic hypoxia.

La presente propuesta tiene como objetivo adaptar y validar un instrumento de evaluación del grado de conocimiento de la población general sobre salud mental y de sus actitudes en torno a la búsqueda de ayuda, en el marco del concepto de literacidad en salud mental y aplicar este instrumento a una muestra predeterminada que permita generar una línea base sobre la cual planificar acciones y evaluar avances en el tiempo. Esto responde a la licitación pública hecha por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile: Estudio sobre acceso a información de salud mental en la población general Licitación ID 757-69-LE20.

La presente propuesta tiene como objetivo adaptar y validar un instrumento de evaluación del grado de conocimiento de la población general sobre salud mental y de sus actitudes en torno a la búsqueda de ayuda, en el marco del concepto de literacidad en salud mental y aplicar este instrumento a una muestra predeterminada que permita generar una línea base sobre la cual planificar acciones y evaluar avances en el tiempo. Esto responde a la licitación pública hecha por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile: Estudio sobre acceso a información de salud mental en la población general Licitación ID 757-69-LE20.

Norwegian salmon farming firms are highly influential in the increasingly global salmon farming industry. In 2018, the export value of farmed salmon from Norway totalled 68bn NOK. The project studies dilemmas arising between economic, environmental and social concerns in the salmon farming industry in Norway, Canada, Australia and Chile through mapping the global networks of leading Norwegian salmon farming firms. We intend to study intersections between salmon farming and local/regional/national conditions in the involved countries. In so doing we wish to identify tensions between economic, environmental and social dilemmas, and the solutions to these tensions by firms in different geographical locations. Furthering this, the project aims to facilitate co-creation of knowledge between different stakeholders towards improvement of innovation practices and their sustainability (i.e. responsibility) in different contexts. This is done by setting up Responsible Innovation Labs (in Norway and Chile) involving participating researchers, firms, suppliers and customers, NGOs and regulating authorities. Central topics in the Labs will concern how to implement and adapt the UN?s Sustainable Development Goals and linking solutions to context-specific challenges and solutions, aiming to spur responsible innovation practices in the industry. The project is led by prof. Arnt Fløysand, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. Research partners in the project are University of Stavanger and Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. In addition to a strong team of researchers, several PhD students will be recruited. The project is well-embedded among central partners in the salmon farming industry in Norway, and industry partners, together with other stakeholders from e.g. government, NGOs and regulatory bodies, play important roles in co-creating novel knowledge applicable for theoretical, empirical and practical purposes.

Crop pests and diseases lead to massive production loss, creating a global food supply and economic loss. Modern agriculture controls diseases by extensive application of chemicals, however this strategy brings undesired effects, such as human health problems by exposure to these chemicals, environmental contamination and development of pesticide resistant pathogens. Agricultural industry is an economically important activity in Chile, compromising close to 10% of the labor force. The fruit industry (excluding table grapes) corresponds to 8.5% of the arable lands (342,654.2 hectares), where Prunus persica (peach and nectarines, called hereinafter as Peach) has an important place. Peach orchards are affected by several diseases such as, bacterial canker caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae and brown rot blossom blight caused by the fungi Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa, which are controlled mainly by using pesticides. In this context, the need to better understand peach immunity has arisen for developing alternative or supplementary strategies to control crop diseases. Plant immunity relies on the capacity of each individual cell to recognize pathogen threat, through cell surface and intracellular receptors, initiating immune responses to defend themselves. Cell surface receptors are called Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) by their ability of recognizing characteristic microbial-derived molecules called microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Upon MAMP recognition Pattern Triggered Immunity (PTI) is activated, defense responses are elicited enabling the plant to ward off pathogen colonization. MAMPs are distinctive molecules present in bacteria or fungi, non-strain specific, such as bacterial flagellin and fungal endoxylanases, which are recognized by specific PRRs, forming the MAMP/PRR recognition system that triggers the defense. The presence of PRRs is tightly correlated with higher broad pathogen resistance. In fact, transgenic Citrus sinensis, Medicago truncatula, Triticum avium, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Solanum lycopersicum carrying exogenous PRR present higher pathogen resistance. Moreover, Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) linking resistance to pathogens with PRRs in Phaseolus vulgaris and Hordeum vulgare. These evidences highlight the potential of exploiting MAMP/PRR recognition system in modern agriculture. We are focused to study in Peach two well described MAMP/PRR recognition model systems: flg22/FLS2 and xyn11/LeEIX2 recognition system. In the case of Flg22/FLS2 recognition system a conserved flagellin peptide, named flg22, is recognized by the PRR FLS2, activating oxidative burst, hormone production and transcriptional activation of Pathogen related (PR) genes. In xyn11/LeEIX2 recognition system a conserved peptide of endoxylanases type 11, named hereinafter xyn11, is recognized by the PRR EIX2, activating oxidative burst, ethylene production, expression of PR proteins and hypersensitive response. These recognition systems are agriculturally important because they can recognize the bacteria Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp and Xanthomonas sp and the fungi Trichoderma viridea and Botrytis cinerea. Remarkably, Bacterial Canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae is a current problem for Peach crops in Chile, as well, grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea infection is a common post-harvesting disease for fruits. Peach immunity is poorly described, however transcriptomic analysis showed more than 20 PRR like proteins induced by Xanthomonas arboricola infection and QTL analysis have identified two RLK genes associated to peach resistance against Monilinia spp, the causal agent of brown rot blossom blight, one of the most economically important peach diseases. However, no functional analyses have described MAMP/PRR recognition systems in peach to date. We expect to generate novel and valuable information regarding Peach immunity, characterizing peach flg22/FLS2 and xyn11/LeEIX2 recognition systems, as well as the defense responses triggered by them and their involvement in resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis ciniera. In addition, we will explore whether these recognition systems, particularly xyn11/LeEIX2 participate in Monilinia spp recognition.

El estigma asociado a salud mental es uno de los problemas más importantes de la salud mental con perspectiva de salud pública hoy, concitando – en diversos grados de avance - desarrollo académico, políticas públicas, acciones locales y participación de la sociedad civil. A nivel de políticas en salud todavía hay una importante brecha que completar. En 2010, ya el estigma era parte de los temas definidos en la Estrategia Nacional de Salud, dentro del eje estratégico de “Enfermedades no transmisibles, violencia y discapacidad”, bajo el resultado esperado “Promover la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad de origen mental”, por ejemplo, se plateó el resultado de “Contar con un plan regional para reducir estigma hacia personas con problemas o trastornos mentales”. Si bien esto movilizó algunos desarrollos regionales, esto no alcanzó a todo el país. Por esta razón, el Plan Nacional de Salud Mental 2017-2025 volvió a retomar el tema. Esta vez, asignándole mayor prioridad, lo cual queda plasmado en el plan de acción asociado, donde la materia tiene una línea específica. El objetivo de la línea es “reducir el estigma relacionado a problemas de salud mental” y cuenta entre sus principales iniciativas con: • Diseñar e implementar un plan para abordar el estigma relacionado con la salud mental • Desarrolla un levantamiento sistemático de información acerca de buenas prácticas sobre estigma en la salud mental, en la red de salud, la sociedad civil y el mundo académico. • Realizar un Diagnóstico de estigma asociado a salud mental en población seleccionada

Estudio de casos de Diabetes Mellitus de nueva aparición