Proyectos

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]In the previous project the research focus was on the sensing principle and the development of prototype modules for a tactile proximity sensor (TPS). In the current project the focus is on the methods and algorithms with which the events in the near proximity of the robots can be modelled by means of these sensors. Collectively, the TPS on the robot surface and gripper constitute a smart skin. The application scenarios here are the Active Exploration of the Environment, Grasping and the Safe Human-Robot-Interaction. The methods to be developed will improve significantly on the quality of state of the art methods and expand the horizon of possible solutions for these problems. The capacitive measuring principle and the spatial resolution in both, the tactile and proximity modalities, enable an area-wide and distance based coverage of the robot surroundings. It is the first time that algorithms for Exploration, Grasping and Safe-Human-Robot-Interaction are presented that rely simultaneously on both tactile and proximity sensing with spatial resolution. The goal of the Exploration is to research which methods and strategies enable the robot to acquire a contact- and proximity-based world-model by means of TPS. The quality of state of the art solutions for grasping should be improved significantly. For the Safe-Human-Robot-Interaction algorithms should be developed that adapt the robots path and velocity according to the current situation as determined by the TPS. Also, new algorithms should make a TPS-based Interaction possible with the goal of robot controlling and programming by the human through tactile and proximity input. Finally, according to the context of the task and situation at hand (Exploration, Manipulation and Interaction) the robot should show an appropriate behaviour which is given by a behavioural strategy that will also be developed. The starting point in the project is the TPS-modules which were successfully developed in the previous project. At the beginning, research will be focused on the algorithms for signal processing that extract robust features from TPS for higher level tasks. This step is followed by the integration of TPS into a robot system realizing the smart skin. Building on these steps the methods for Exploration, Manipulation and Safe-Human-Interaction are developed. Finally, the results of the project will be shown and evaluated in a combined demonstration scenario that includes a robot endowed with TPS.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

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• CBC (Europe) S.r.l. “Lotta biologica al cancro batterico dell'actinidia (P. syringae pv. actinidiae, Psa) con uso di batteri antagonisti”. Cesena (FC) – Italia. • CBC (Europe) S.r.l. “Efficacy in vitro of the biofungicide Amylo-X against different bacterial pathogen strains (Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Erwinia spp.) in comparison with the efficacy of KSF40 and SB9501 biofungicides”. Cesena (FC) – Italia. • Consorzio Kiwigold s.r.l. Consortile, Cesena (FC). “Analisi microbiologica di polline di Actinidia pre- e post- trattamento antibatterico”. Italia. • Valagro, Spa. “Efficacy in vitro and in vivo of the product bioestimulante No. 3-2435 against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas vesicatoria e Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae”. Italia.

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]• CBC (Europe) S.r.l. “Lotta biologica al cancro batterico dell'actinidia (P. syringae pv. actinidiae, Psa) con uso di batteri antagonisti”. Cesena (FC) – Italia. • CBC (Europe) S.r.l. “Efficacy in vitro of the biofungicide Amylo-X against different bacterial pathogen strains (Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Erwinia spp.) in comparison with the efficacy of KSF40 and SB9501 biofungicides”. Cesena (FC) – Italia. • Consorzio Kiwigold s.r.l. Consortile, Cesena (FC). “Analisi microbiologica di polline di Actinidia pre- e post- trattamento antibatterico”. Italia. • Valagro, Spa. “Efficacy in vitro and in vivo of the product bioestimulante No. 3-2435 against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas vesicatoria e Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae”. Italia.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

1. La hipertensión arterial esencial es el principal factor de riesgo cardiovascular, con una prevalencia del 30-40 % en la población adulta, que llega al 75% en mayores de 65 años. A pesar del desarrollo de fármacos, la efectividad de los tratamientos actuales es limitada. En cerca de 50% de los pacientes, el tratamiento farmacológico no logra controlar la presión arterial elevada. La hipertensión es de origen multifactorial, pero existe consenso que la disfunción endotelial juega un papel primordial en su desarrollo. La bio-disponibilidad del óxido nítrico (NO), que es el principal vasodilatador, está reducida en la mayoría de las enfermedades vasculares debido al estrés oxidativo y al aumento de la expresión y actividad de arginasa, una enzima que compite por el sustrato del NO. Este proyecto desarrollamos una nueva combinación farmacológica dirigida a proteger el NO, combinando las propiedades vasodilatadoras y anti-remodeladoras del inhibidor de la arginasa ácido 2(s)-Amino-6-Boronohexanoico (ABH) y de del antioxidante N-Acetilcisteína (NAC). Buscamos introducir una nueva forma de enfocar el tratamiento para la hipertensión arterial, atacando con esta formulación farmacológica los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a la disfunción endotelial: baja bio-disponibilidad de NO y aumento del estrés oxidativo. En un modelo de hipertensión en ratas inducido por hipoxia intermitente crónica, cuya presión fue monitorizada por telemetría, evaluamos el efecto de la combinación sobre la hipertensión arterial y la disfunción vascular. La combinación ABH+NAC reduce la presión arterial elevada, revierte la reducción del diámetro interno de las arterias, regulariza la función endotelial y contráctil en arterias y disminuye el estrés oxidativo. No encontramos efectos adversos sobre la función renal y hepática. Estos resultados dieron origen a la presentación de dos solicitudes de patentes en Chile y de protección CTP en el extranjero para un nuevo método de síntesis de ABH y de los efectos benéficos de la combinación sobre la hipertensión y disfunción endotelial. En conjunto con el Laboratorio Andrómaco se estableció una estrategia de propiedad industrial ex post, así como las acciones científico-tecnológicas conducentes a las siguientes fases de desarrollo del medicamento: pruebas preclínicas en otros modelos de hipertensión, desarrollo galénico y/o fase clínica I. Dado que el resultado de producción de la formulación deberá pasar aún por pruebas clínicas antes de ser dispuesto a los beneficiarios, la patente de este nuevo fármaco podrá ser utilizada como activo principal para capturar capital de inversión que permita continuar con este proceso, o bien para licenciar a empresas con interés en el rubro. Junto a la Fundación del Adulto Mayor, desarrollamos actividades de extensión con la finalidad de informar a la comunidad y con ello contribuir a prevenir los efectos deletéreos de la hipertensión en la población de mayor riesgo cardiovascular. En esta propuesta se espera validar una nueva terapia antihipertensiva que ataque los mecanismos fisiopatológicos principales de la disfunción vascular que conduce a la hipertensión arterial esencial.

Compelling evidence shows that adverse intrauterine conditions increase the risk to develop cardiometabolic diseases in the adulthood. This concept has been called ‘Developmental Origins of Health and Disease’ (DOHaD) and relies on the activation of mechanisms sensing and signaling a diversity of stimuli during early development that later lead to higher risk of disease. The mechanisms that have been broadly suggested to be involved in these processes are epigenetic modifications in key gene promoters that could ‘record’ normal and abnormal perinatal stimuli. Intrauterine oxidative stress is a common feature in conditions with altered fetal growth (i.e. intrauterine growth restriction –IUGR-, or macrosomia). Several cellular processes require the participation of pro-oxidant molecules which are normally neutralized by antioxidant defenses. However, under determined conditions the pro-oxidants overcome these defenses inducing oxidative stress. The latter is an important stimulus that regulates vascular function and cardiovascular physiology, playing a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, regulating negatively the bioavailability of the main vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). In addition, the vascular system presents a high phenotypic plasticity during life, which is modulated and restricted by epigenetic mechanisms (including DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and micro RNAs). Interestingly, cultured placental endothelium derived from complicated pregnancies presents persistent abnormal phenotypes, characterized by altered expression of proteins involved in NO-dependent vasodilation (i.e. eNOS and arginase), suggesting an early onset of endothelial dysfunction. Preliminary data from in vitro experiments, show that this altered expression of eNOS in IUGR placenta-derived endothelial cells is accompanied by epigenetic alterations in the promoter of its gene. Moreover, these cells can be reprogrammed to a “normal type”, interfering with the molecular machinery that preserves the DNA methylation pattern. However, there are no studies addressing the role of the pro-oxidant status associated to IUGR on the epigenetic programming of placental vascular dysfunction, and whether these epigenetic changes reflect those present in other fetal vascular beds or in the adult cardiovascular system. Therefore, we hypothesized that the in utero oxidative stress, that characterizes IUGR, induces an epigenetic programming of the endothelial function, which is linked to abnormal umbilical and fetal vascular reactivity and higher risk of adult cardiovascular disease. These epigenetic changes lead to an altered expression of endothelial function-related proteins and to their response to superimposed oxidative stress in umbilical and systemic arteries in the fetus and adult guinea pig. If true, the development of IUGR in the presence of antioxidant treatment should prevent the vascular impairment in the fetus and the adult guinea pig. This hypothesis will be tested in an IUGR guinea pig model according to the following general aims (GA): GA-1. To determine whether the IUGR-associated oxidative stress induces endothelial dysfunction in umbilical and systemic arteries, altering the basal expression of proteins implicated in the NO-dependent vasodilation (NO-DV) pathway and their response to oxidative stress; GA-2. To determine in umbilical artery (UAEC) and aortic (AEC) endothelial cells whether endothelial dysfunction induced by fetal oxidative stress associates with epigenetic changes in the promoter of genes implicated in the NO-DV pathway, altering their response to oxidative stress in vitro; GA-3. To determine in adult life whether the IUGR-associated oxidative stress results in increased markers of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease. GA-4. To determine in AEC of adults born with IUGR whether endothelial dysfunction induced by fetal oxidative stress is associated with epigenetic changes in the promoter of genes implicated in the NO-DV pathway and their response to oxidative stress in vitro, correlating them with those found at term of gestation. IUGR will be induced by uterine artery ligation in a pregnant sow, and the role of oxidative stress in the vascular programming will be analyzed treating IUGR pregnancies with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. The acute effect of pro- and anti-oxidants on vascular reactivity and NO-dependent vasodilation will be determined by wire-myography in IUGR near-term fetuses and adults guinea pig arteries. Further, the presence of proteins related with NO-dependent vasodilation (eNOS, arginase, HO-1, NQO1 and DHFR) in these vessels will be determined by immunohistochemistry. Endothelial epigenetic programming will be analyzed in primary cell cultures from UAEC and AEC in near-term fetuses and AEC in adult guinea pigs. Our expected outcome is to demonstrate that oxidative stress is one of the main sources of the IUGR-induced dysfunction in fetal and adult vascular beds. Further, we expect that the NAC treatment should be able to prevent partially or totally the programmed vascular impairment. This project is not only relevant to uncover the developmental mechanisms that determine short- and long-term vascular dysfunction, but also to propose eventual treatments in complicated pregnancies, that unfortunately present a very high rate in humans.