Proyectos

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Estudio de casos de Diabetes Mellitus de nueva aparición[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Cumplo un rol de Investigador Asociado. Which are the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in priming and defense activation in cherry plants upon Pss infection? Are these mechanisms differentially activated between susceptible and resistance cherry varieties? Do susceptible and resistance cherry varieties present a differential priming under different PRIs exposure? Even more, the increasing of aridity and drought in the North of the country, the advancing desert toward the South and a reduction in water resources in the central zone of Chile, are expected along the XXI century. In this scenario of climate change, other question arises: Which are the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in priming and defense activation in cherry plants upon Pss infection combined with water deficit? Through this proposal, we intend to answer to these questions, in order to establish the basis for optimize the control of the bacterial canker in cherry fruit tree, by strategies that provide for the use of resistance inductors. We propose two hypotheses: a) Cherry cultivars with differential susceptibility to bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, present genetic differences in the molecular machinery of plant immunity; b) Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae infection is enhanced by water restriction due to an alteration of the molecular machinery of plant immunity. The aims of this proposal is to obtain a better understanding of the plant-pathogen molecular interactions of sweet cherry bacterial canker in relationship with water deficit, using mainly omics strategies.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Cumplo un rol de Investigador Asociado. Which are the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in priming and defense activation in cherry plants upon Pss infection? Are these mechanisms differentially activated between susceptible and resistance cherry varieties? Do susceptible and resistance cherry varieties present a differential priming under different PRIs exposure? Even more, the increasing of aridity and drought in the North of the country, the advancing desert toward the South and a reduction in water resources in the central zone of Chile, are expected along the XXI century. In this scenario of climate change, other question arises: Which are the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in priming and defense activation in cherry plants upon Pss infection combined with water deficit? Through this proposal, we intend to answer to these questions, in order to establish the basis for optimize the control of the bacterial canker in cherry fruit tree, by strategies that provide for the use of resistance inductors. We propose two hypotheses: a) Cherry cultivars with differential susceptibility to bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, present genetic differences in the molecular machinery of plant immunity; b) Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae infection is enhanced by water restriction due to an alteration of the molecular machinery of plant immunity. The aims of this proposal is to obtain a better understanding of the plant-pathogen molecular interactions of sweet cherry bacterial canker in relationship with water deficit, using mainly omics strategies.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Cumplo un rol de Investigador Asociado. Which are the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in priming and defense activation in cherry plants upon Pss infection? Are these mechanisms differentially activated between susceptible and resistance cherry varieties? Do susceptible and resistance cherry varieties present a differential priming under different PRIs exposure? Even more, the increasing of aridity and drought in the North of the country, the advancing desert toward the South and a reduction in water resources in the central zone of Chile, are expected along the XXI century. In this scenario of climate change, other question arises: Which are the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in priming and defense activation in cherry plants upon Pss infection combined with water deficit? Through this proposal, we intend to answer to these questions, in order to establish the basis for optimize the control of the bacterial canker in cherry fruit tree, by strategies that provide for the use of resistance inductors. We propose two hypotheses: a) Cherry cultivars with differential susceptibility to bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, present genetic differences in the molecular machinery of plant immunity; b) Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae infection is enhanced by water restriction due to an alteration of the molecular machinery of plant immunity. The aims of this proposal is to obtain a better understanding of the plant-pathogen molecular interactions of sweet cherry bacterial canker in relationship with water deficit, using mainly omics strategies.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Soils constitute the largest terrestrial organic carbon (C) pool, which is three times the amount of CO2 currently in the atmosphere and several times the current annual fossil fuel emissions. Thus, increasing net soil C storage can represent a substantial C sink potential with the concomitant effect in the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under climate change scenario. Soils in central areas of Chile showed very low organic C levels as consequence of an intensive activity of different industries such as agriculture and mining. In this sense, the high incorporation of agrochemicals in conventional and intensive agriculture and the inadequate disposal of wastes in mining operations can negatively impact the different natural and agro-ecosystems, with detrimental effects on the soil ranging from erosion, loss of organic matter (OM) and C, and a large accumulation of trace elements, which ultimately results in a significant decrease in the quality of this resource. A significant increase in the accumulation of a wide range of heavy metals in the soil, including copper, lead, cadmium and zinc among others have been widely described and associated to mining and agricultural industries. On the other hand, under the context of sustainable agriculture, the use of agricultural wastes and thus the recycling of nutrients through biotechnological strategies is receiving increasing attention. Globally, the annual production of agricultural residues is approximately 3.7 Pg of dry matter. Straw, roots, stems and other tissues of corn, wheat and rice, are the main annual crop residues, which represent approximately 40.6%, 24.2% and 15.7%, respectively, of world production. Moreover, according to the literature, approximately 3.8 billion tons of livestock (pig and cow) and poultry manure is produced annually. For the sustainable management of these residues, aerobic composting has served as technological approach to transform this organic material into soil amendments used to increase C stock and improve different physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. However, some type of composts is degraded relatively fast under field conditions producing important nutrient losses and GHG emissions among others. The utilization of clay minerals and recalcitrant C sources as pyrogenic C (biochar) produced by pyrolysis, have gained increasing interest as additives of composting operations, due to their influence in the reduction of GHG emissions and their effectivity in the stabilization of C both in compost and soils, leading to a cleaner compost production (reduced in emissions and leaching) and potentially C sequestrant amendments. In our previous research we reported an increase in the stabilization of C during the composting of beef manure and wheat straw mixtures and the potential sequestration of C once end-products were applied to grassland soil by the effect of halloysite (nanoclay) and oat-based biochar applied as additives. Therefore, and taking into account the positive effect related to the utilization of these additives in the composting mixture, to know how the composting process of pig manure-slurry (which is highly in heavy metal contents and GHG and odors emissions) and corn stubble can be affected by the utilization of these additives (e.g., biochar and halloysite nanoclay) in the stability of the final product has not been studied yet and result as an interesting topic of research. Moreover, the influence of additives in GHG emissions, odors, C stabilization, metal availability and the main physico chemical and biological properties during the process of composting of these organic material mixtures is also not known. Furthermore, to understand how the incorporation of this additives can also contribute in the accumulation of C and potential C sequestration once end-products are applied to metal polluted soils, and how the produced amendments affects the metal availability in soil also needs to be elucidate. Hence, this proposal suggests as main objectives 1.- To study the influence of oat based-biochar and halloysite nanoclay as additives in the composting of pig manure-slurry/corn stubble and 2.- To evaluate the effects of the end-products from composting process in the restoration of metal polluted soils from mining and agricultural industries. In a first stage, a composting study using agricultural waste co-composted with biochar and nanoclays will be conducted wherein C stabilization and gas emissions will be analyzed. Then, in order to determine the decomposition and the environmental impacts of compost in soils such as nutrient leaching and gas emissions, the produced compost will be mixed with soil and incubated. Finally, with the aim to analyze the impacts of compost in metal availability in heavy metal polluted soil, a mesocosm experiment under greenhouse conditions, and field trials will be conducted. For a better understanding of C stabilization, GHG emission, heavy metal availability and the potential mechanisms associated to the process, analytical techniques such as stable C isotope ratios (δ13C), CPMAS13CNMR spectroscopy and ICP-OES spectroscopy will be used in collaboration with the Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Spain (IRNAS-CSIC) and ICA-CSIC Madrid. It expects that the use of described additives will improve the composting of pig manure-slurry mixture producing amendments able to be efficiently used in the remediation of contaminated soils by increasing the preservation of C and reducing the availability of heavy metals minimizing its environmental impacts and losses[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]La cuarentena es una medida de respuesta ante brotes de síndrome respiratorio agudo grave. Permanecer en cuarentena implica mantenerse en un lugar, a veces aislado de otras personas, con exposición a información negativa en los medios y con alta incertidumbre respecto a su duración. Existen varias consecuencias negativas en la salud mental de las personas producto de las medidas de cuarentena (Brooks y cols., 2020; Iasevoli y cols., 2020). Por ejemplo, la gente que ha pasado por cuarentenas demuestra síntomas de trastornos de ansiedad y depresión; así mismo, algunas condiciones como la duración de la cuarentena incrementan la prevalencia de síntomas (Hawryluck y cols., 2004). Además, las noticias e información sobre la cuarentena son un factor de estrés que pueden aumentar los niveles de ansiedad de la población (Brooks y cols., 2020). Considerando estos efectos, es relevante examinar si el confinamiento y las noticias de la pandemia afectan la ansiedad y el rendimiento en tareas de aprendizaje.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Las ondas y las estructuras coherentes están presentes como entidades individuales en varios contextos físicos, astronómicos y geofísicos, y particularmente en los fluidos. Las situaciones realistas generalmente involucran a ambos, lo que lleva a procesos de interacción complejos que son difíciles de separar y desenredar. En esta propuesta nos enfocamos en estudiar experimentalmente cómo la presencia de estructuras coherentes, tales como vórtices o singularidades, afectan las propiedades de las ondas superficiales en un régimen turbulento. Para ello, construiremos dos montajes experimentales para poder estudiar de forma sistemática las propiedades estadísticas de las ondas cuando interactúan con las estructuras mencionadas. Ambos sistemas tienen la ventaja de que, ajustando los parámetros de forzamiento, podemos controlar la aparición e intensidad de las estructuras. Por lo tanto, un estudio sistemático de su influencia en turbulencia de ondas (WT) es sencillo. La naturaleza intermitente del campo de ondas, así como los mecanismos detrás de la ruptura del espectro de WT en presencia de estas estructuras son algunas de las preguntas que pretendemos responder. Para abordar estas preguntas, proponemos realizar mediciones espaciotemporales, como la fotografía de luz difusa (DLP) y la velocimetría de imagen de partículas (PIV). Los resultados que surjan de esta investigación podrían ser de gran importancia para una teoría que, si bien es válida en muchos sistemas, aún está incompleta. Las aplicaciones de los resultados a otros sistemas, como los flujos geofísicos, también podrían ser posibles y bastante relevantes para una amplia comunidad.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]El proyecto tiene como objetivo investigar y esclarecer un mecanismo relacionado con la pérdida auditiva vinculada a la exposición a pesticidas. Nos centramos en comprender los efectos crónicos, no agudos, de la exposición a pesticidas, particularmente en habitantes de zonas rurales cercanas a campos de cultivo. Así, nuestro grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por jóvenes residentes o trabajadores de áreas limítrofes a campos de cultivo, donde investigamos la posible asociación entre la disfunción colinérgica del sistema auditivo eferente, inducida por pesticidas anticolinesterásicos, y su relación con la pérdida auditiva y trastornos en el procesamiento central. Nuestra hipótesis condujo a la creación de un modelo experimental que sugiere que la exposición a pesticidas organofosforados está relacionada con el desarrollo temprano de una pérdida auditiva oculta mediada por la disfunción del sistema eferente auditivo, el cual está estrechamente asociado con sinapsis colinérgicas. Nuestros resultados revelaron que la exposición a pesticidas en jóvenes generó problemas relacionados con la percepción de tonos de alta frecuencia en los registros audiométricos, una disminución en la amplitud asociada a la conducción del nervio auditivo y una reducción en la fuerza del reflejo eferente auditivo. Sin embargo, no se observaron efectos en la percepción auditiva en los voluntarios jóvenes expuestos a pesticidas. Adicionalmente, este estudio buscó establecer una conexión entre los cambios observados en humanos y los efectos en animales de experimentación. Para abordar ello, realizamos estudios en ratones, asignándolos a uno de cuatro grupos experimentales: dos grupos de ratones Wild Type (WT) y dos grupos de ratones genéticamente modificados (KO) para silenciar funcionalmente el receptor α9/α10 en la sinapsis olivococlear medial. Esta sinapsis, de naturaleza colinérgica, es crucial en el eferente auditivo y se comunica directamente con las células ciliadas externas. Estos ratones fueron separados según su genotipo y expuestos a Clorpirifos (0,5mg/kg) mediante inyecciones intraperitoneales durante 10 días, o recibieron solo el vehículo (aceite de maíz). Los estudios en animales revelaron un aumento significativo en los umbrales auditivos a las 48 horas, aunque este efecto no persistió a la cuarta semana post-exposición, tanto en ratones WT como KO. Actualmente, estamos analizando microfotografías electrónicas para establecer un mecanismo asociado a la pérdida de sensibilidad y percepción auditiva inducida por la exposición a organofosforados. Este análisis está pendiente para su publicación. Nuestro estudio permitió describir detalladamente el efecto de la exposición a pesticidas en individuos que residen cerca de áreas de cultivo, mostrando un impacto en la sensibilidad y percepción auditiva. Este efecto podría estar asociado, en parte, a la disfunción colinérgica inducida por ciertos pesticidas, especialmente los organofosforados. Este estudio ha sido crucial para formar grupos de trabajo que investiguen el impacto del uso de pesticidas en la región, particularmente en la región de O’Higgins, donde la actividad predominante es la agricultura y la mayor parte del empleo se concentra en este sector. Sin embargo, todavía estamos pendientes de llegar a comunidades más distantes, para llevar a cabo un trabajo de divulgación científica más amplio y tener un mayor impacto en la sociedad. Desde una perspectiva científica, nuestro estudio es pionero al intentar establecer un mecanismo que vincule la pérdida auditiva con la exposición a pesticidas. Es el primer estudio en describir en detalle los efectos de estos químicos en jóvenes expuestos crónicamente, y el primero en explorar el impacto de la exposición a pesticidas en el sistema auditivo a través de un modelo animal. En resumen, este estudio sentará las bases para investigaciones más exhaustivas sobre el fuerte impacto de la exposición a pesticidas en la audición humana, un área aún poco explorada. Además, proporcionará evidencia para comprender, desde una perspectiva de las ciencias básicas, los efectos de las sustancias anticolinesterásicas en el funcionamiento de la sinapsis olivococlear medial.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Título: "Efecto del aceite de quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) en la activación de NF-κB y Nrf2 y en los niveles de TNF-α y HO-1 inducidos por lipopolisacárido en hepatocitos humanos HepG2".[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]