Proyectos

El proyecto de investigación examina dos de los rasgos más sobresalientes de la variación sociofonética en el español chileno: la producción variable del grupo consonántico /tɾ/ y la variación alofónica del fonema /t∫/. Ambos fenómenos han sido, y continúan siendo, de sumo interés para quienes estudian nuestro dialecto. Un importante número de trabajos revela, largamente, que el uso de dichas variables y sus respectivas variantes, está condicionado por una serie de factores lingüísticos y extralingüísticos (sociales). Esta abundante literatura, sin embargo, se centra principalmente en hablantes adultos y adultos-jóvenes, dejando el estudio de la adquisición y desarrollo del uso de estas variables sociolingüísticas en el habla de niños/as chilenos como un terreno que invita fuertemente a su exploración. La investigación tiene como objetivo general conocer el proceso de adquisición y desarrollo de los patrones de uso de la variación del grupo consonántico /tɾ/ y el fonema /t∫/, en el habla de niños y niñas chilenos y sus cuidadores. Los datos de este estudio serán obtenidos a partir de actividades de interacción natural/espontánea diádica entre niño/a y tutor/a.

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]El proyecto de investigación examina dos de los rasgos más sobresalientes de la variación sociofonética en el español chileno: la producción variable del grupo consonántico /tɾ/ y la variación alofónica del fonema /t∫/. Ambos fenómenos han sido, y continúan siendo, de sumo interés para quienes estudian nuestro dialecto. Un importante número de trabajos revela, largamente, que el uso de dichas variables y sus respectivas variantes, está condicionado por una serie de factores lingüísticos y extralingüísticos (sociales). Esta abundante literatura, sin embargo, se centra principalmente en hablantes adultos y adultos-jóvenes, dejando el estudio de la adquisición y desarrollo del uso de estas variables sociolingüísticas en el habla de niños/as chilenos como un terreno que invita fuertemente a su exploración. La investigación tiene como objetivo general conocer el proceso de adquisición y desarrollo de los patrones de uso de la variación del grupo consonántico /tɾ/ y el fonema /t∫/, en el habla de niños y niñas chilenos y sus cuidadores. Los datos de este estudio serán obtenidos a partir de actividades de interacción natural/espontánea diádica entre niño/a y tutor/a.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

Fondecyt postdoctorado N° 3200806 Análisis de la dieta de los mamíferos extintos que vivieron en Chile Central durante el Pleistoceno

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Fondecyt postdoctorado N° 3200806 Análisis de la dieta de los mamíferos extintos que vivieron en Chile Central durante el Pleistoceno[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Market design plays a key role in contexts where asymmetric information is relevant and there are di�culties arising from the complexities of each particular market. Moreover, in real world situations, it is important to bridge the gap between the theoretical insights developed through mechanism design and the implementability issues stressed in the market design literature. Real world situations might be complex for di↵erent reasons, and in this proposal I plan to study two issues which up to now have not been fully analyzed in this theoretical/applied interface. The first is regulation in the presence of vertical structures, an issue which is very common in industrial organization, but it has received surprisingly little attention in the mechanism design literature. The second is the design of new markets for natural resources, where property rights are crucial to their e�cient use, but dynamic issues make standard simple solutions very di�cult to implement and they usually perform poorly. Curbing the monopoly power of firms is a fundamental issue for regulators where the cost structure makes a monopoly unavoidable in the first place. In particular, the study of simple mechanisms that help with this goal becomes relevant. Firms are better informed about its production cost or the demand that they faced. This information gives them infor- mational rents that the regulators attempt to control to increase social welfare. While this is a well-studied problem by economists, it still generates challenges due to the complexity of real world situations. The granting of a monopoly right and the establishment of certain rules (like a quantity to produce or a maximum price to be set) is not the end of the story. Subsequently, the regulated firm will deal with downstream firms, which in turn might have significant market power in its dealings with consumers and even providers. In the first project, I study how an agent designs a mechanism to allocate resources that afterwards turns the chosen firm downstream into a mechanism designer on its on. Applications include infrastructure regulation: for example airports that in turn chose how to deal with airlines, which use their market power to extract rent from consumers. Creating markets under the “tragedy of the commons” has a long tradition in economics, dating back to Pigou (1920) . The basic intuition is simple: prices would provide agents with the right scarcity signals, leading to an e�cient resource allocation. However, dynamic issues and the uncertainty about the real value of di↵erent uses for the resource introduce significant challenges. On the second project, I study e�cient mechanisms in a dynamic framework where the value of the asset is known only by experimentation of investors. A general objective of this project is to study the conditions for which simple mechanism can be e�cient on one hand, and furthermore they increase the social welfare.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Forest dynamics have been affected by the high rates of greenhouse gas emissions that have direct consequences on global warming. This phenomenon is evident with the intensification of mega drought events in various parts of the world, including Chilean forests. It is still unclear how climate change may affect tree and shrub growth, especially in altitude regions such as the Mediterranean Andes of Central Chile (MACC) and how these populations would react to drought events on a timescale. In this sense, tree rings is one of the most important proxies for reconstructing environmental data, as trees contain historical records of previous growth conditions at annual resolution, which seems a useful tool to know the variations in xylem traits of woody species over time. One of the most important advances in tree-ring studies has been the additional focus on anatomical (i.e. vessels and wood density) and ecophysiological (i.e. carbon stable isotopes) features, since shows tree sensitivity to intra-seasonal environmental factors. The present proposal seek to investigate the adaptive strategies of woody species, based on xylem functional traits, for survival in current climate change scenarios on latitudinal and altitudinal gradients of the MACC, complementing dendrochronological, anatomical and isotopic analysis. This allow us to order to define priority locations for conservation and restoration projects and to identify which regions and populations are most vulnerable or resistant to severe climate change. We will test four hypotheses: (i) woody species populations from xeric sites have developed throughout their evolutionary history a hydraulic structure oriented to safety in comparison with the populations of wet sites; (ii) populations of all sites will have an increase of water use efficiency (iWUE) over time, as a result of a climate change adaptability strategy of trees, but it will not necessarily be reflected in higher trunk biomass; and (iii) xylem traits varied by altitudinal gradient affecting tree growth, being the populations of tree lines those that have trait values more resistant to current climatic change, and hence, more adapted to future scenarios of climate change. To test those hypotheses, we will select and will sample trees and shrub population of MACC (30-35°S, 71-71.5°W). We will use bibliography, expert interviews and local communities to select potential sites, as well as a drone (Phantom 4RTK®) to analyze vegetation characteristics. Preliminarily, the genera Prosopis, Acacia, Berberis and Adesmia will be selected because present wide distribution in MACC and high dendrochronological potential. Thus, this project will show us how they will respond in the future under the current climatic trends, identifying which regions and populations are the most vulnerable to climate change in the Andes of central Chile. Likewise, these results will serve to measure how the impacts of environmental variations have been in a region with high levels of endemism in South America, both in structure, hydraulic plasticity and carbon storage, being useful to be in conservation and restoration project, as well as replicated in future studies of other areas, both in South America and the world.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Este proyecto tiene como objetivo, ejecutar un sistema de extensión para productores hortícolas y apícolas de la región de O’Higgins, junto con un sistema de monitoreo de peligros alimentarios, un sistema de cultura de inocuidad y un SELLO o marca de certificación en base a criterios de inocuidad alimentaria.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]The field of remote sensing is experiencing an unprecedented acceleration. Besides the large public programs such as Sentinel (see e.g. https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-2), private actors are creating fleets of micro-satellites capable of monitoring of the earth with daily revisits. This abundant and cheap data is creating opportunities for developing novel applications for the monitoring of industrial and agricultural activity. The automatic exploitation of this data is bound to specific application domain knowledge, which requires a mastery of advanced techniques such as computer vision and machine learning, as well as expert knowledge in the field of agriculture. To do this, the team must master earth observation satellites, be able to define the adequate mathematical detection theories, and build on a deep knowledge of satellite image processing, while also including expert knowledge in agriculture. This project aims at uniting competences across the fields of computer vision and machine learning, remote sensing to address emerging applications in agronomy. This project will in addition foster the creation of reproducible research by adopting a reproducible research methodology thus contributing the resulting algorithms to the journal Image Processing On-Line (IPOL). The IPOL journal is an initiative to establish a clear and reproducible state-of-the-art in the domain of image processing and computer vision.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

The field of remote sensing is experiencing an unprecedented acceleration. Besides the large public programs such as Sentinel (see e.g. https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-2), private actors are creating fleets of micro-satellites capable of monitoring of the earth with daily revisits. This abundant and cheap data is creating opportunities for developing novel applications for the monitoring of industrial and agricultural activity. The automatic exploitation of this data is bound to specific application domain knowledge, which requires a mastery of advanced techniques such as computer vision and machine learning, as well as expert knowledge in the field of agriculture. To do this, the team must master earth observation satellites, be able to define the adequate mathematical detection theories, and build on a deep knowledge of satellite image processing, while also including expert knowledge in agriculture. This project aims at uniting competences across the fields of computer vision and machine learning, remote sensing to address emerging applications in agronomy. This project will in addition foster the creation of reproducible research by adopting a reproducible research methodology thus contributing the resulting algorithms to the journal Image Processing On-Line (IPOL). The IPOL journal is an initiative to establish a clear and reproducible state-of-the-art in the domain of image processing and computer vision.

There are more than 41 million deaths per year worldwide, 71% of them are due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with cardiovascular (CV) causes taking the first place. Adverse intrauterine conditions increase the risk of developing NCDs during the life course, a phenomenon known as Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). The most frequent and clinically relevant adverse condition during fetal life is intrauterine hypoxia (IH), which is associated with a high perinatal morbi-mortality. The molecular mechanisms that could be involve in IH causes and consequences are an important aspect in most of the pregnancies at high altitudes (> 2500m), and in 3-4% of the pregnancies with utero-placental complications at lowlands. Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are endogenous gasotransmitters with vasodilator properties that can regulate cardiovascular functions. These gasotransmitters may be affected by intrauterine chronic hypoxia- induced oxidative stress, eliciting vascular programming and deriving in cardiovascular dysfunction along life course. Although these gasotransmitters have shown to determine endothelial, smooth muscle and cardiac function, the role of them in the fetal programming CV dysfunction due to developmental hypoxia and their relationship with oxidative stress is still unknown. Our hypothesis is that the intrauterine development in chronic hypoxia programms the gasotransmitters pathways (NO, CO and H2S) in the heart and blood vessels through oxidative stress, which impacts in the short, medium and long term cardiovascular function. Therefore, an oral treatment with antenatal melatonin will prevent the hypoxic-induced cardiovascular impairment. In this proposal, we aim to study, in a well-characterized guinea pig model, the origins and outcomes of cardiovascular dysfunction resulting from IH, by characterizing the functional, structural and molecular aspects of vasoactive mechanisms dependent on endogenous gasotransmitters, in the heart and blood vessels. Moreover, as fetal growth restriction and cardiovascular programming are related with hypoxia induced-oxidative stress, we will implement an antenatal treatment with melatonin, a proved antioxidant, to test the prevention of IH-induced cardiovascular risks in the short-, mediate- and long-term. To address these aims, we will study the effects of intrauterine chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress on the NO, CO and H2S related pathways of the cardiovascular system in guinea pigs. We will describe the NO, CO and H2S related pathways, its epigenetic changes and their roles as important regulators of function, structure and biomechanical properties of heart and vessels, under hypoxia induced-oxidative stress. The aforementioned will be done in animals gestated under IH, with or without antenatal melatonin treatment, and follow the cardiovascular function from fetus to adulthood. The methodology is an in vivo non-invasive evaluation of the function and structure of the cardiovascular system (ultrasound); an ex vivo function and biomechanical characterization of heart and arteries (Langendorff, wire myography, biomechanical tests); and in vitro determinations of genetic, protein and epigenetic expression in heart and several vascular beds; at different stages of life. These approaches will permit us to correlate and integrate the short-, mediate- and long-term cardiovascular effects related to the gasotransmitters pathways, in the offspring gestated under chronic hypoxia. In addition, we will evaluate a supported treatment with melatonin, to prevent intrauterine growth restriction and cardiovascular impairment after IH exposure, to test the relationship of gasotransmitters pathways with intrauterine oxidative stress. We expect to unravel the mechanisms underlying IH- induced cardiovascular reprogramming focusing on oxidative stress and gasotransmitters, in order to potentiate melatonin treatment as a possible therapy in hypoxia related complicated pregnancies, either at high altitude or lowlands. This grant will effectively provide a valuable resource for the scientific and clinical community to pursue the understanding of cardiovascular NCDs programmed by intrauterine hypoxia, a worldwide burden still without effective therapeutic approach. Furthermore, this will add knowledge to the foundations for the development of novel therapies for intrauterine hypoxia, and the prevention of CV risk in fetuses, neonates and adults.