Proyectos

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]The state of Rio de Janeiro presents very varied relief forms, with marked topographic contrasts, with expressive spatial and temporal climatic variability. Besides these factors, the history of colonization and differentiated policies have contributed for the agricultural production in Rio de Janeiro to present distinct regional dynamics, with differentiation in land occupation and use and diversification of economic activities, which, as a function of the different levels of soil fragility, have generated different degrees of degradation. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and stoichiometry play important roles in biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystems, yet it is still unclear how the allocations of C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry of soils and its coexisting vegetation, including leaf litter, are related. Thus, the general objective of the project is to determine whether there are significant differences and influence of C:N:P stoichiometry ratios of the soil and coexisting vegetation including litter in each study area and examine how and to what extent soil and soil management conditions it influence the physical and soil chemistry in two contrasting physiographic regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Two regions of the State were selected to be studied, namely: Norte Fluminense and Costa Verde regions. These regions present different degrees of soil degradation due to different forms of use and occupation, soils and climate. The current scenario in some regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro shows that natural vulnerability and inadequate soil management can compromise the sustainability of the soil in the medium and long term. This proposal is associated with the thematic project entitled “Soil quality indicators in areas with different histories of use and occupation in the State of Rio de Janeiro” funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) by through the Support Program for Thematic Projects in the State of Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ Notice No. 28/2021. In this context, it is essential to develop research that can serve as a guide for the adoption of conservationist soil management, essential for the sustainability of agricultural production. Furthermore, the results of studies developed with the collaboration of farmers in the field encourage them to adopt new habits in agricultural activities[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]The state of Rio de Janeiro presents very varied relief forms, with marked topographic contrasts, with expressive spatial and temporal climatic variability. Besides these factors, the history of colonization and differentiated policies have contributed for the agricultural production in Rio de Janeiro to present distinct regional dynamics, with differentiation in land occupation and use and diversification of economic activities, which, as a function of the different levels of soil fragility, have generated different degrees of degradation. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and stoichiometry play important roles in biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystems, yet it is still unclear how the allocations of C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry of soils and its coexisting vegetation, including leaf litter, are related. Thus, the general objective of the project is to determine whether there are significant differences and influence of C:N:P stoichiometry ratios of the soil and coexisting vegetation including litter in each study area and examine how and to what extent soil and soil management conditions it influence the physical and soil chemistry in two contrasting physiographic regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Two regions of the State were selected to be studied, namely: Norte Fluminense and Costa Verde regions. These regions present different degrees of soil degradation due to different forms of use and occupation, soils and climate. The current scenario in some regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro shows that natural vulnerability and inadequate soil management can compromise the sustainability of the soil in the medium and long term. This proposal is associated with the thematic project entitled “Soil quality indicators in areas with different histories of use and occupation in the State of Rio de Janeiro” funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) by through the Support Program for Thematic Projects in the State of Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ Notice No. 28/2021. In this context, it is essential to develop research that can serve as a guide for the adoption of conservationist soil management, essential for the sustainability of agricultural production. Furthermore, the results of studies developed with the collaboration of farmers in the field encourage them to adopt new habits in agricultural activities[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Los nematodos entomopatógenos (NEP) son organismos que habitan en el suelo y que se han utilizado como agentes de control biológico de insectos en las últimas cuatro décadas . Estos organismos han ganado mucha atención debido a su capacidad para buscar y matar a su huésped. El único estadio capaz de matar insectos es el llamado juvenil infectivo (IJ). Una vez que los IJ han ingresado al hospedador, se libera un simbionte bacteriano y la muerte ocurre por septicemia entre las 48 a 96h. Los NEP son seguros para los organismos no-diana, amigables con el ambiente y pueden producirse en masa en grandes fermentadores. A pesar de todas las ventajas mencionadas, en ocasiones, el performance de estos nematodos no es tan bueno como se espera. Uno de los principales problemas relacionados con dichas fallas es la existencia de grandes vacíos en su caracterización biológica y ecológica. Por ejemplo, la distribución de NEP en el suelo (como una matriz tridimensional) después de su aplicación en el campo no se conoce totalmente porque la determinación de su presencia depende de pruebas indirectas usando insectos trampas. Otra opción es el uso de RT-PCR para correlacionar la cantidad de ADN de una especie de NEP con una cantidad de individuos en una muestra de suelo, requiriendo mucho tiempo y esfuerzo. Aún existen muchas preguntas que resolver, incluida la distribución y persistencia en el suelo de los NEO, y la competencia entre las "poblaciones naturales" y las "aplicadas comercialmente", que siguen sin respuesta debido a la complejidad de la matriz del suelo. La opción más precisa para comprender cómo se comportan los NEP en el suelo sería, marcarlos individualmente y en grandes cantidades para rastrearlas en tiempo real. El marcaje NEP nos permitirá extraerlos directamente del suelo y contarlos bajo cualquier diseño óptico. Desafortunadamente, el único método disponible para marcar nematodos hasta el momento se basa en la inserción de proteínas fluorescentes, que son costosas, consumen mucho tiempo e imposibles de aplicar a grandes lotes de nematodos (decenas de millones). Esta situación puede ser revertida con el uso de puntos cuánticos de carbono (C-dots),ya que son baratos de producir, fluorescentes, no tóxicos y listos para usar en grandes lotes de NEP. El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar tecnologías de marcaje de NEP con c-dots para poder mejorar su actividad en condiciones de campo.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Los nematodos entomopatógenos (NEP) son organismos que habitan en el suelo y que se han utilizado como agentes de control biológico de insectos en las últimas cuatro décadas . Estos organismos han ganado mucha atención debido a su capacidad para buscar y matar a su huésped. El único estadio capaz de matar insectos es el llamado juvenil infectivo (IJ). Una vez que los IJ han ingresado al hospedador, se libera un simbionte bacteriano y la muerte ocurre por septicemia entre las 48 a 96h. Los NEP son seguros para los organismos no-diana, amigables con el ambiente y pueden producirse en masa en grandes fermentadores. A pesar de todas las ventajas mencionadas, en ocasiones, el performance de estos nematodos no es tan bueno como se espera. Uno de los principales problemas relacionados con dichas fallas es la existencia de grandes vacíos en su caracterización biológica y ecológica. Por ejemplo, la distribución de NEP en el suelo (como una matriz tridimensional) después de su aplicación en el campo no se conoce totalmente porque la determinación de su presencia depende de pruebas indirectas usando insectos trampas. Otra opción es el uso de RT-PCR para correlacionar la cantidad de ADN de una especie de NEP con una cantidad de individuos en una muestra de suelo, requiriendo mucho tiempo y esfuerzo. Aún existen muchas preguntas que resolver, incluida la distribución y persistencia en el suelo de los NEO, y la competencia entre las "poblaciones naturales" y las "aplicadas comercialmente", que siguen sin respuesta debido a la complejidad de la matriz del suelo. La opción más precisa para comprender cómo se comportan los NEP en el suelo sería, marcarlos individualmente y en grandes cantidades para rastrearlas en tiempo real. El marcaje NEP nos permitirá extraerlos directamente del suelo y contarlos bajo cualquier diseño óptico. Desafortunadamente, el único método disponible para marcar nematodos hasta el momento se basa en la inserción de proteínas fluorescentes, que son costosas, consumen mucho tiempo e imposibles de aplicar a grandes lotes de nematodos (decenas de millones). Esta situación puede ser revertida con el uso de puntos cuánticos de carbono (C-dots),ya que son baratos de producir, fluorescentes, no tóxicos y listos para usar en grandes lotes de NEP. El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar tecnologías de marcaje de NEP con c-dots para poder mejorar su actividad en condiciones de campo.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Proyecto que aborda el uso del compost como sustrato en la viverización de especies nativas. Se participó en el diseño y desarrollo de la propuesta pero finalmente se optó por ser prestadores de servicios, además de montar los ensayos asociados al proyecto.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Proyecto que aborda el uso del compost como sustrato en la viverización de especies nativas. Se participó en el diseño y desarrollo de la propuesta pero finalmente se optó por ser prestadores de servicios, además de montar los ensayos asociados al proyecto.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]EL proyecto busca asociar exposiciones ambientales, alimentarias y genéticas con la enfermedad renal crónica de causa idiopática en la Cohorte del Maule MAUCO, Molina, Chile[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]EL proyecto busca asociar exposiciones ambientales, alimentarias y genéticas con la enfermedad renal crónica de causa idiopática en la Cohorte del Maule MAUCO, Molina, Chile[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]The NetForSur project will evaluate the vulnerability of forests to climate change along a latitudinal gradient in the Andes Cordillera; to achieve this goal, we will build a research network including 4 countries (Argentina, Chile, France, Peru) to develop synergies using similar methodologies in dendroecology, ecophysiology and remote sensing. The results will complete worldwide inventories of forest dieback and to propose updating of the species status in national and international red lists. Obj 1 : We will assess the level of forest decline and tree mortality in the Andes Cordillera, through a bibliographic analysis including published and grey literature, since many studies are not yet available in international literature or only in Spanish. We will seek to identify the species at stake, the significance of decline in symptoms and surface area affected, the abiotic events associated to the decline and the mechanisms underlying the observed decline. Obj 2: The growth dynamics of endangered, declining or protected tree species will be analyzed. We will use a common methodology to study tree growth response to climate change, building a database to share existing data in dendro-ecology and field stand monitoring over the whole latitudinal gradient, and over local environmental gradients. We will explore several remote sensing tools to upscale the analyses at landscape and regional. Obj 3: Our third objective is to evaluate the ecophysiological adaptive strategies to climate change of endangered or declining tree species (Araucaria araucana, Austrocedrus chilensis, Nothofagus spp, Polylepis spp.). We will set up a common methodology to study tree ecophysiology, measuring adaptive traits characteristic of plant response to abiotic stress (hydraulic traits, energy dissipation traits) associating lab-measured species-specific traits and field based ecophysiological campaigns. Obj 4: Tree mortality risk will be assessed using model simulations associated to current and future climatic conditions using the SUREAU ecophysiological model. It will be adapted to local species and environmental conditions of the Andean Cordillera, and parameterized using data from objectives 2 and 3. Mortality risks predicted by the model will be evaluated in front of decline estimated in the field. Model simulations will be further considered under climate change scenario. Obj 5: A major goal will be to build a long-term research network on forest adaptation to climate change. The collaboration, data sharing and methodology integration will focus on strengthening the international network between all countries in a formalized framework such as 2RI (https://www.inrae.fr/en/2ri-international-research-networks), and to visualize other calls in conjunction with the project to develop and disseminate new joint results on the adaptation of forests to climate change.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]The NetForSur project will evaluate the vulnerability of forests to climate change along a latitudinal gradient in the Andes Cordillera; to achieve this goal, we will build a research network including 4 countries (Argentina, Chile, France, Peru) to develop synergies using similar methodologies in dendroecology, ecophysiology and remote sensing. The results will complete worldwide inventories of forest dieback and to propose updating of the species status in national and international red lists. Obj 1 : We will assess the level of forest decline and tree mortality in the Andes Cordillera, through a bibliographic analysis including published and grey literature, since many studies are not yet available in international literature or only in Spanish. We will seek to identify the species at stake, the significance of decline in symptoms and surface area affected, the abiotic events associated to the decline and the mechanisms underlying the observed decline. Obj 2: The growth dynamics of endangered, declining or protected tree species will be analyzed. We will use a common methodology to study tree growth response to climate change, building a database to share existing data in dendro-ecology and field stand monitoring over the whole latitudinal gradient, and over local environmental gradients. We will explore several remote sensing tools to upscale the analyses at landscape and regional. Obj 3: Our third objective is to evaluate the ecophysiological adaptive strategies to climate change of endangered or declining tree species (Araucaria araucana, Austrocedrus chilensis, Nothofagus spp, Polylepis spp.). We will set up a common methodology to study tree ecophysiology, measuring adaptive traits characteristic of plant response to abiotic stress (hydraulic traits, energy dissipation traits) associating lab-measured species-specific traits and field based ecophysiological campaigns. Obj 4: Tree mortality risk will be assessed using model simulations associated to current and future climatic conditions using the SUREAU ecophysiological model. It will be adapted to local species and environmental conditions of the Andean Cordillera, and parameterized using data from objectives 2 and 3. Mortality risks predicted by the model will be evaluated in front of decline estimated in the field. Model simulations will be further considered under climate change scenario. Obj 5: A major goal will be to build a long-term research network on forest adaptation to climate change. The collaboration, data sharing and methodology integration will focus on strengthening the international network between all countries in a formalized framework such as 2RI (https://www.inrae.fr/en/2ri-international-research-networks), and to visualize other calls in conjunction with the project to develop and disseminate new joint results on the adaptation of forests to climate change.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]