Proyectos

Proyecto que buscaba indagar en la realcion entre los primeros pobladores del desierto de atacama y su entorno a finales del Pleistoceno (12.000 años atrás).

Durante el siglo XX se tendió a medicalizar y tecnificar la asistencia sanitaria al nacimiento bajo el argumento de la seguridad. A finales de 2019 apareció una nueva situación que ha producido profundos cambios en la atención a la salud y que mantiene el planeta en estado de alarma: la pandemia de SARS-COV-2. En el caso de la atención al parto, pone en tela de juicio el concepto de seguridad que se había otorgado al parto hospitalario. Pretendemos profundizar en el conocimiento de las diversas formas de vulnerabilidad, violencia y pérdida de derechos, a las que las mujeres gestantes se ven expuestas. Así como interrogamos sobre el concepto de seguridad en el parto y el lugar idóneo para su asistencia, para promover cambios que permitan una atención acorde con la dignidad y el derecho de autonomía de las mujeres en este nuevo escenario. El estudio combina diferentes metodologías y se desarrollará en 4 fases: a) Establecimiento del punto de partida, b) Diagnóstico de la situación, c) Elaboración estrategia de acción y d) Implementación de un programa formativo piloto con contenidos específicos en aspectos asistenciales, bioéticos y comunicativos dirigido a los profesionales sanitarios.

In this project, we plan to study the hydrodynamic wave-vortex interaction problem from an experimental point of view using different setups. The aim is to gain further understanding about the influence of vorticity on the propagation of waves and, to a lesser extend, to study how the vorticity field is modified by the presence of waves. Specifically, we plan to study the influence of a vortex field on a sloshing wave, to track the wave scattering, damping and dissipation. Then, we will study the influence of vorticity on wave-turbulence, in order to see how the wave statistics (wave spectrum, height distributions) and properties (dispersion relation, dissipation mechanisms) are affected by vorticity. Finally we will study how an array of vortices induced by a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability can generate surface waves and the back-reaction of the waves on the vortices. The proposed research is based on the collaboration efforts from the long- standing scientific relation between french and chilean experimental nonlinear laboratories: the Matter-out-of- equilibrium laboratory (LMFE) of the Physics Department from the Universidad de Chile and the Nonlinear Physics group from the Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l''Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, France. The expected outcomes of this proposal are: i) to consolidate and expand our french collaboration network including new research labotarories (Laboratoire de Matière et Systèmes Complèxes, Paris, France and Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France), ii) to co-sign two (2) research publications in Q1 journals, iii) to train postdocs and graduate students in experimental acoustical and optical techniques to measure temporal or spatiotemporal surface wave deformations.

Objetivo general: mejorar la toma de decisiones respecto al manejo de los recursos hídricos subterráneos durante sequias mediante una plataforma web en acceso libre con un modelo 3D de las reservas de agua subterránea en la Cuenca del Limari. Objetivos específicos: (i) crear un modelo 3D de los acuíferos del valle del Limarí a través de sondajes de resonancia magnética; (ii) desarrollar una plataforma web de acceso libre con el modelo 3D, sus productos asociados como mapa de reservas y costo de extracción, medidas de mitigación de la sequía, capas de informaciones sobre derechos de agua y perforación, y un foro para que los usuarios suban informaciones; (iii) capacitar a los usuarios finales y tomadores de decisiones en la utilización de la plataforma.

[proyecto ejecutado en 4 años, por haberse acogido a extensión de pandemia] Fluid impacts are present in a large variety of situations. For instance, the craters formed by rain--drops impacting the soil are relevant in agricultural applications. Also, wave--impact can damage coastal structures, and impact of sloshing--waves may produce over--turning of trucks or vessels that transport fluids. Therefore, the relevance (I would say the impact) of fluid impact goes from industry to environmental sciences. And also because of its beauty and scientific challenges, fluid impact is currently (and largely) studied by communities of physicist and applied mathematicians. As the field of fluid impact is vast, we focus in one particular problem: the bottle flip challenge, as (1) it provides more contoured problems to be tackled experimentally during the time limits of this proposal; (2) it could give insights about other relevant and applied problems; (3) as it already received press coverage worldwide, it is likely to have a large visibility of the results obtained. The bottle flip challenge is a game consisting in spinning a plastic bottle partially filled with water, in order to make it landing vertically after completing a single turn, or more. In recent years the challenge received huge attention in social media and some press coverage including Las Ultimas Noticias. In our opinion, such effervescence for a physical phenomenon relies in the counter-intuitiveness of the trick: as the bottle is turning, one expect it to continue turning until falling down, instead of the abrupt and stable stop in a vertical position that actually occurs. Some of the videos, magazine publication and the available physics article (Dekker et al., 2018), focus their attention in the conservation of angular momentum and the variations of momentum of inertia to explain the successful landing. Dekker et al. recognize that the physics of water sloshing is highly complex in itself and approached the problem by the side of classical mechanics. What we propose here, is indeed to take the challenge of fluid dynamics to carry conserved-quantities explanations to a greater depth. Our starting point is a high--speed camera recording of a successful throw and landing. There, one can observe at least two key fluid-dynamical events that contribute to the vertical stabilization of the bottle: (1) the impact of a water jet into the wall, strongly reducing the bottle-angular-momentum during the free traveling of the system, and (2) a violent redistribution of water taking place at landing, where water captures an important amount of the kinetic energy carried by the bottle. After describing these two key events, we can already summarize this proposal as a committed experimental study of both events, plus an effort to translate these ideas into a (engineering inspired) sloshing dynamics application. We propose first to study the landing stage asking the following question (Question 1): for a container partially filled with fluid, can fluid motion act as a shock-absorber for the impact? We propose to perform an experiment where the bottle is rotated on its vertical axis before it is released (also vertically). Then we will study the effect of fluid motion, by simply defining a restitution coefficient (valid at landing impact) and to see when the loss of bottle-energy is maximized. Bottle-energy loss implies fluid-energy absorption: a balance that will be experimentally checked. Maximal loss of bottle-energy indeed ensures greater bottle stability at landing. Then, we will focus on the effect of water--jet--impact asking Question 2: On which circumstances jet-impact may stabilize a freely rotating container? On one side, we will perform experiments of bottle throwing just as the challenge proposes (that is, throwing the bottle by hand). Also, we will construct a quasi-2D experiment, to perform computer-controlled rotations of the bottle in order to produce jet--impact on the bottle walls. In both cases, we will study angular momentum transfer and deviations from bottles without impact by filming with a high-speed camera and applying mass conservation models. In order to return to the general problem of fluid impact, our final question (3) is Can we take advantage of jet-impact to stabilize any moving container? Here we will apply the previous knowledge to the study a classical configuration exhibiting wave impact: a container subjected to horizontal excitation. After characterizing impact conditions in the solid container, we will study the consequences (in wall acceleration for instance) of having a freely moving wall.

[proyecto ejecutado en 4 años, por haberse acogido a extensión de pandemia] Fluid impacts are present in a large variety of situations. For instance, the craters formed by rain--drops impacting the soil are relevant in agricultural applications. Also, wave--impact can damage coastal structures, and impact of sloshing--waves may produce over--turning of trucks or vessels that transport fluids. Therefore, the relevance (I would say the impact) of fluid impact goes from industry to environmental sciences. And also because of its beauty and scientific challenges, fluid impact is currently (and largely) studied by communities of physicist and applied mathematicians. As the field of fluid impact is vast, we focus in one particular problem: the bottle flip challenge, as (1) it provides more contoured problems to be tackled experimentally during the time limits of this proposal; (2) it could give insights about other relevant and applied problems; (3) as it already received press coverage worldwide, it is likely to have a large visibility of the results obtained. The bottle flip challenge is a game consisting in spinning a plastic bottle partially filled with water, in order to make it landing vertically after completing a single turn, or more. In recent years the challenge received huge attention in social media and some press coverage including Las Ultimas Noticias. In our opinion, such effervescence for a physical phenomenon relies in the counter-intuitiveness of the trick: as the bottle is turning, one expect it to continue turning until falling down, instead of the abrupt and stable stop in a vertical position that actually occurs. Some of the videos, magazine publication and the available physics article (Dekker et al., 2018), focus their attention in the conservation of angular momentum and the variations of momentum of inertia to explain the successful landing. Dekker et al. recognize that the physics of water sloshing is highly complex in itself and approached the problem by the side of classical mechanics. What we propose here, is indeed to take the challenge of fluid dynamics to carry conserved-quantities explanations to a greater depth. Our starting point is a high--speed camera recording of a successful throw and landing. There, one can observe at least two key fluid-dynamical events that contribute to the vertical stabilization of the bottle: (1) the impact of a water jet into the wall, strongly reducing the bottle-angular-momentum during the free traveling of the system, and (2) a violent redistribution of water taking place at landing, where water captures an important amount of the kinetic energy carried by the bottle. After describing these two key events, we can already summarize this proposal as a committed experimental study of both events, plus an effort to translate these ideas into a (engineering inspired) sloshing dynamics application. We propose first to study the landing stage asking the following question (Question 1): for a container partially filled with fluid, can fluid motion act as a shock-absorber for the impact? We propose to perform an experiment where the bottle is rotated on its vertical axis before it is released (also vertically). Then we will study the effect of fluid motion, by simply defining a restitution coefficient (valid at landing impact) and to see when the loss of bottle-energy is maximized. Bottle-energy loss implies fluid-energy absorption: a balance that will be experimentally checked. Maximal loss of bottle-energy indeed ensures greater bottle stability at landing. Then, we will focus on the effect of water--jet--impact asking Question 2: On which circumstances jet-impact may stabilize a freely rotating container? On one side, we will perform experiments of bottle throwing just as the challenge proposes (that is, throwing the bottle by hand). Also, we will construct a quasi-2D experiment, to perform computer-controlled rotations of the bottle in order to produce jet--impact on the bottle walls. In both cases, we will study angular momentum transfer and deviations from bottles without impact by filming with a high-speed camera and applying mass conservation models. In order to return to the general problem of fluid impact, our final question (3) is Can we take advantage of jet-impact to stabilize any moving container? Here we will apply the previous knowledge to the study a classical configuration exhibiting wave impact: a container subjected to horizontal excitation. After characterizing impact conditions in the solid container, we will study the consequences (in wall acceleration for instance) of having a freely moving wall.